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As this excellent essay reflects, so much happened in a such a compacted period that I am sure one challenge will be what to exclude from your story. But one event that does link this post and the North African campaign was the Casablanca conference, early in 1943, which I believe was the first public declaration by the Allied leadership that our aim was "unconditional surrender," echoing your argument that the Nazi regime was so far beyond any norm for the way wars had ended since time immemorial, with a negotiated peace (which many argue we need to pursue in Ukraine and is resonant for how Israel is viewing its objectives vis a vis Hamas), was not appropriate.

Ike did attend. Put me down for an early purchase.

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Thank you so much Larry. Yes, I think 'unconditional surrender' was really a shock at the time it was declared. Nothing like that had ever really been articulated before. And I think it really did send the message that this war was different from anything that had ever occurred.

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